![]() Clocs, Clicks, and Sharp Clicks corresponded to single pulses of short duration (lasting 1 s interval from the next pulse Table 1). 1a–f and Supplementary Audio 1– 6 Supplementary Fig. mexicanus surface fish (SF) or Pachón cavefish (CF) in the laboratory, including three simple sounds and three complex sounds (Fig. Six different types of sounds could be identified from 60 h of acoustic recordings of adult A. We then further characterize one sound, the “Sharp Click”, as a visually-triggered sound produced by dominant surface fish during agonistic behavior and as a chemosensory-triggered sound produced by cavefish during foraging behavior, and which also elicits different reactions in the two morphs in play-back experiments.Īstyanax mexicanus is a sonic species, in the lab and in the wildįirst we determined whether the species Astyanax mexicanus produces sounds. When studied in controlled laboratory conditions, sound production quantitatively and qualitatively depends on the social contexts (solo, duo, or group) and the type of morph. mexicanus is a highly sonic species, in the laboratory and in the wild, with a repertoire of at least 6 sounds. mexicanus and accompanied behavioral shifts in the absence of visual communication in cavefish. ![]() ![]() Here, we question whether acoustic communication has evolved differently in the two morphs of A. Yet, hearing abilities are similar in the two morphs 25 and to our knowledge, nothing is known about acoustic communication in A. During their adaptation to perpetual darkness, cavefish underwent a series of morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, including major modifications in their chemosensory and mechanosensory systems which help them to navigate, find food and find mates in the dark 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. The river-dwelling sighted form and the cave-adapted blind form, which diverged about 20,000 years ago 10, have since then experienced markedly different habitats and environmental pressures 11, 12, 13. To address this question we have used the two morphs of the species Astyanax mexicanus. However, how acoustic communication can evolve via adaptation within species with respect to needs in their specific environments is unknown. Bony fishes have evolved diverse sound generating mechanisms that are well-studied 3, 4, 5 and use them for intraspecific communication, often for agonistic and mating behaviors 6, 7, 8, 9. Our results demonstrate that acoustic communication does exist and has evolved in cavefish, accompanying the evolution of its behaviors.Īcoustic signals are widely used among animals for multiple communication and behavioral purposes, including in the aquatic environment 1, 2. Sharp Clicks also elicit different reactions in the two morphs in play-back experiments. We characterize one sound, the “Sharp Click”, as a visually-triggered sound produced by dominant surface fish during agonistic behaviors and as a chemosensory-, food odor-triggered sound produced by cavefish during foraging. Here we discover that Astyanax is a sonic species, in the laboratory and in the wild, with sound production depending on the social contexts and the type of morph. ![]() ![]() During their evolution in darkness, cavefish underwent a series of morphological, physiological and behavioral changes, allowing the study of adaptation to drastic environmental change. The blind, cave-adapted and the sighted, river-dwelling morphs of the species Astyanax mexicanus have evolved in markedly different environments. Acoustic communication allows the exchange of information within specific contexts and during specific behaviors. ![]()
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